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How to Add Memory to an AI Agent Using Python
1. What Is Memory in an AI Agent? Memory allows an AI Agent to remember information from previous interactions and use that information in future conversations. Without memory, an AI Agent generally treats each interaction as a new conversation unless previous context is explicitly provided. For example: Later: This happens because the agent does not have access to the previous conversation context. With memory: Later: So, memory allows an AI Agent to retain and reuse relevant information across interactions. 2. Why Do We Need Memory in AI Agents? Explain the problems without memory: 3. How Does Memory Work in an AI Agent? Explain the basic flow: User → Agent →…
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What is Microservices
Before learning about microservices, it is important to first understand the challenges and limitations of monolithic applications. What is a Monolithic Application? A Monolithic Application is a software architecture where all components of an application are built and deployed as a single unit. The user interface, business logic, authentication, database access, reporting, and other functionalities are tightly coupled and run within the same codebase and deployment package. Example In a CRM application, modules such as: Advantages of Monolithic Applications Challenges of Monolithic Applications 1.Scalability Issues If only one module requires more resources, the entire application must be scaled. Example : Suppose the reporting module consumes high CPU during month-end reports.…
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How to Add Tools to an AI Agent
1. Why Does an AI Agent Needs Tools?. Start with the fundamental problem Agent without tools Without tools AI assistant may explain how to check an order. Agent with Tools With tools AI Agent can actually retrieve the last order information from the backend system. 2.What Is a Tool in an AI Agent? A tool is a function, that provide to an AI agent that allows it to interact with applications, API, database, or external service that an AI Agent can use to perform a specific task. For example, an AI agent may know how to check the weather, but it needs a weather API tool to get the current…
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REST API Design Principles: Best Practices with Examples
What is REST REST (Representational state Transfer) is an architectural style for designing networked applications. Uses standard HTTP Methods. Why Rest Matters? It provides a simple and standard way for applications to communicate with each other over the internet. Real time communication protocols Real-time communication helps overcome these limitations by enabling faster and continuous data exchange. WebSocket’s: Persistent Full-Duplex Communication Advantage of use cases of WebSocket’s 3. Long Polling: Simulating Real-Time With HTTP. 2. Session Management What is web Session A wed session is a mechanism used to maintain the state of a users interaction Across multiple Http requests. Since Http is a state less protocol every request sent from…
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What is Protocols.
A protocol is a set of rules that defines how two or more systems communicate with each other. 1.What is Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) When accuracy and consistency are critical, TCP usually right choice. 2.What is UDP User Datagram Protocol. Use Cases: When to use TCP & UDP 3. HTTP 1. Introduction to HTTP: 2.How HTTP Works Common Protocols Protocol Main Purpose HTTP Communication between web clients and servers HTTPS Secure HTTP communication TCP Reliable data transmission UDP Fast data transmission with less overhead FTP File transfer SMTP Sending emails DNS Converts domain names into IP addresses WebSocket Real-time, two-way communication SSH Secure remote computer access MQTT Lightweight messaging, commonly used…
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What is Software Architecture?
Software architecture is the high-level structure or blueprint of a software system. It defines how different parts of an application are organized, how they communicate with each other. Software Architecture pattern and styles. 1. Monolithic Architecture Multi-Tier Architecture 2. Microservices Architecture Definition: Microservices architecture is a software design pattern where applications are structured as a collection of small, loosely coupled services, each responsible for a specific function. Characteristics: 1 How to Identify Microservices. 2 How to structure Microservices. 3.Communication in Microservices. 4. Challenges of Microservices 5.Scaling strategies in Microservices. 6. Real World Example of Microservices 3. Event Driven Architecture 1. Introduction to Event-Driven Architecture Definition: A system design where components…
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How to Build AI Agents Using OpenAI Agent SDK with Python
What is OpenAI Agents SDK? The OpenAI Agents SDK is a lightweight Python framework that helps developers build AI agents and Agentic AI applications. In simple words, an AI agent is a program that can understand a task, decide what to do, use tools, and complete the task with less human intervention. The Agents SDK is designed to make agent development simple and easy to understand. It provides a small number of important building blocks instead of adding many complex features. Why use the Agents SDK One of the main benefits of the Agents SDK is its simplicity. Developers do not need to learn a large number of abstractions before…
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Client-Server Model in System Design: Concepts, Architecture & Examples
The client-server model is a way computers communicate over a network. Example: When you open a website, your web browser is the client. It sends a request to the website’s server. The server processes the request and sends the webpage back to your browser. Key component of client server Model How client and server communicate Request -Response cycle (HTTP Example) 2.Synchronous vs Asynchronous Communication 3. Stateless and state full Servers 4. Forward proxy and Reverse proxy What is proxy Forward proxy Reverse proxy. 5. load balancing Introduction to load balancing Scaling challenges: Horizontal scaling creates a New Problems Introducing load balancer: Load balancing Enables Reliable Systems. 6. Api Gateway Introduction…
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What is system design
System Design is the process of deciding how different components of a software system will work together to satisfy business and technical requirements. 2. What is Scalability?. Scalability means can my system handle more users, requests, or data when the load increases? Imagine you have a small restaurant. Today: Tomorrow, 1,000 customers arrive. If the restaurant can increase its capacity by adding more chefs, tables, kitchens, etc., it is scalable. The same concept applies to software. 3. What is Reliability? Reliability means can the system work correctly and consistently without failing? Imagine you have a car. You expect: If the car frequently breaks down, it is not very reliable. Software…
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What is RAG?
RAG stands for Retrieval-Augmented Generation. RAG allows an LLM to search relevant information from an external knowledge source and use that information to generate an answer. Without RAG: With RAG: 1. Why do we need RAG? LLMs have several limitations. An LLM normally doesn’t know your company’s internal documents.Imagine you have an automotive company’s internal documents: Now a user asks: “What is the warranty period for a battery replacement?” A general LLM may not know your company’s specific warranty policy. Even if you provide the model with a huge prompt containing all documents, you have problems with: RAG solves this by retrieving only the relevant information. 2. RAG has two…
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What is Agentic AI?
Agentic AI is a type of artificial intelligence that can understand a goal, plan the steps needed to achieve it, use tools, take actions, check the results, and adjust its approach with limited human intervention. Traditional AI mainly answers your question. Agentic AI can work toward a goal and perform the tasks needed to achieve it. An Agentic AI system could potentially: What is Agentic Workflow ?. An agentic workflow is a step-by-step process where AI understands a goal, plans the work, uses tools, performs actions, checks results, and continues until the task is completed. Imagine adding a chatbot to your website designed to help customers find the right product.…
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Top 5 Agentic AI Design Patterns Every AI Developer Should Know
1.What is an Agentic AI Design Pattern? An Agentic AI Design Pattern is a reusable architectural approach for designing AI agents that can independently reason, make decisions, use tools, perform actions, and adapt based on results to achieve a specific goal. An Agentic AI Design Pattern is a proven way of structuring an AI agent’s reasoning, planning, memory, tool usage, decision-making, and interaction with other agents or humans. 2.Workflows design patterns are. 2.1. Prompt Chaining Prompt Chaining is an agentic AI design pattern where a complex task is divided into multiple smaller steps, and the output of one LLM prompt becomes the input to the next prompt. How Prompt Chaining…
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Two-Candle Candlestick Patterns: Types, Formation, Psychology & Examples
Two-Candle Candlestick Patterns are candlestick formations created by two consecutive candles on a price chart. They help traders understand the relationship between buyers and sellers and can provide clues about potential trend continuation, trend reversal, or market indecision. Two-Candle Patterns 1. Bullish Engulfing Candlestick A Bullish Engulfing Pattern is a two-candlestick reversal pattern which forms when a small black or red candlestick is followed the next day by a large white or green candlestick. The bullish engulfing pattern occurs after a downtrend consisting of two candlesticks, the bullish candlestick that covers the bearish candlestick. The Engulfing bar forms when it completely engulfs the previous candle, as indicated by its name.…
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How to Change Default Behavior in Spring Security
1. What Spring Security Does ?. Spring Security helps you control who can access your application and what they can do. 1. Authentication (Who are you?) 2. Authorization (What can you do?) 3. Protection Against Attacks Spring Security includes built-in defenses for: if you want to learn the default behavior of spring security , default spring security. 2. What is anyRequest() anyRequest() is a matcher that applies to all remaining HTTP requests that have not been matched by previous rules. 3.What is permitAll() permitAll() allows unrestricted access to a resource , no authentication required — anyone can access . we can permit all the requests coming towards our web applications…
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Facade Design Pattern in Java with Practical Example
1. What is design pattern. A design pattern is a proven, reusable solution to a commonly occurring software design problem. It represents best practices developed by experienced software developers to solve recurring problems in object‑oriented design. 2.What is Facade Design Pattern. The Facade Design Pattern is a structural design pattern that provides a simple interface to a complex system. It hides the complexity of multiple classes or subsystems and gives the client a single, easy-to-use interface. 3. Why Do We Need Facade Pattern? Problem Statement: In large applications: Façade solves: 4. Key Components of Facade Pattern 1. Facade Class 2. Subsystem Classes 3. Client Facade Design pattern Example Imagine an application that contains multiple interfaces…